The American Bitcoin Strategic Reserve Executive Order **Section 1: Purpose** This Executive Order establishes the American Bitcoin Strategic Reserve to secure the nation's leadership in the digital economy and support national security interests. **Sec
原文标题:ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STRATEGIC BITCOIN RESERVE AND UNITED STATES DIGITAL ASSET STOCKPILE
原文作者:白宫
原文编译:ChatGPT
编者按:该行政命令宣布建立战略比特币储备和美国数字资产储备,以加强美国对比特币及其他数字资产的管理。财政部负责托管和管理政府持有的比特币与其他数字资产,不得随意出售,除非符合特定法律要求。各机构需在规定时间内报告其持有的政府数字资产,并协助转移至新设储备中。政府将制定无额外财政负担的比特币获取策略,同时确保法律合规,优化数字资产管理,以维护国家金融战略利益。
以下为原文内容(为便于阅读理解,原内容有所整编):
根据美国宪法和法律授予我的总统权力,特此命令:
第 1 条 背景
比特币是最早的加密货币。比特币协议将比特币(BTC)的总供应量永久限定为 2100 万枚,并且从未被黑客攻破。由于其稀缺性和安全性,比特币常被称为「数字黄金」。由于 BTC 的供应量固定,率先建立战略比特币储备的国家将获得战略优势。目前,美国政府持有大量 BTC,但尚未制定政策,以最大化 BTC 在全球金融体系中的战略价值。正如妥善管理国家对其他资源的所有权和控制权符合国家利益一样,我们必须利用而非限制数字资产的潜力,以促进国家繁荣。
第 2 条 政策
美国的政策是建立战略比特币储备。同时,美国还将建立美国数字资产储备,以作为一个安全账户,用于有序且战略性地管理美国持有的其他数字资产。
第 3 条 战略比特币储备和美国数字资产储备的建立与管理。
(a) 财政部长应设立一个办公室,负责管理和控制名为「战略比特币储备」的托管账户,该储备资金来源于财政部持有的、因刑事或民事资产没收程序最终被没收,或因任何行政部门或机构(以下简称「机构」)施加的民事罚款而缴纳的 BTC,并且不属于满足《美国法典》第 31 编第 9705 条规定的需求或根据本条 (d) 款释放的比特币(以下简称「政府 BTC」)。
本命令发布之日起 30 天内,各机构应审查其授权,以确定是否可以将其持有的政府 BTC 转移至战略比特币储备,并向财政部长提交审查结果报告。存入战略比特币储备的政府 BTC 不得出售,而应作为美国的储备资产,按照适用法律用于实现政府目标。
(b) 财政部长应设立一个办公室,负责管理和控制名为「美国数字资产储备」的托管账户,该储备资金来源于财政部持有的除 BTC 以外的所有数字资产,这些资产因刑事或民事资产没收程序最终被没收,并且不属于满足《美国法典》第 31 编第 9705 条规定的需求或根据本条 (d) 款释放的资产(以下简称「储备资产」)。
本命令发布之日起 30 天内,各机构应审查其授权,以确定是否可以将其持有的储备资产转移至美国数字资产储备,并向财政部长提交审查结果报告。财政部长应根据适用法律,制定负责任管理美国数字资产储备的战略。
(c) 财政部长和商务部长应制定策略,以获取额外的政府 BTC,前提是这些策略在预算上保持中立,不会给美国纳税人带来额外成本。然而,除非经过进一步的行政或立法行动,美国政府不得获取除刑事或民事资产没收程序或民事罚款缴纳所得以外的其他储备资产。
(d)「政府数字资产」指所有政府 BTC 和所有储备资产。除非财政部长根据本条 (b) 款依法管理美国数字资产储备,或根据具备司法管辖权的法院命令依法处置,亦或总检察长或相关机构负责人认定政府数字资产(或其出售所得)可且应当:
(i) 返还给可识别和可验证的犯罪受害者;
(ii) 用于执法行动;
(iii) 与州和地方执法合作伙伴公平共享;
(iv) 用于满足《美国法典》第 31 编第 9705 条、第 28 编第 524(c) 条、第 18 编第 981 条或第 21 编第 881 条的要求,否则,各机构负责人不得出售或以其他方式处置任何政府数字资产。
(e) 本命令发布之日起 60 天内,财政部长应提交一份评估报告,分析建立和管理战略比特币储备及美国数字资产储备的法律和投资考量因素,包括这些储备应存放在哪些账户中,以及是否需要立法来执行本命令的相关内容,或确保这些账户的适当管理和运营。
第 4 条 账户核算
本命令发布之日起 30 天内,各机构负责人应向财政部长和总统数字资产市场工作组提供该机构所持有的全部政府数字资产的完整核算信息,包括政府数字资产当前存放的托管账户相关信息,以便于将其转移至战略比特币储备或美国数字资产储备。如果某机构未持有任何政府数字资产,则应在本命令发布后 30 天内向财政部长和总统数字资产市场工作组确认该情况。
第 5 条 一般规定
(a) 本命令不得解释为削弱或以其他方式影响:
(i) 法律授予任何行政部门、机构或其负责人之权力;或
(ii) 行政管理和预算办公室主任在预算、行政或立法提案方面的职能。
(b) 本命令的实施应符合适用法律,并视拨款情况而定。
(c) 本命令无意且不构成任何一方可在法律或衡平法上对美国、其部门、机构、实体、官员、雇员、代理人或任何其他人主张或执行的任何权利或利益,无论是实体性权利还是程序性权利。
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